AERO+Standards

__**AERO Social Studies Standards for Grades 9-12 **__ In the 2010-2011 school year, the social studies department at DAA adopted the AERO standards. These standards and benchmarks are outlined below. [|This is a link to AERO's home page] and [|this is a link to the page devoted to the social studies standards].

= **__Standard 1 __****: Time, Continuity, and Change. ** =

Students will understand patterns of change and continuity, relationships between people and events through time, and various interpretations of these relationships.

**By the end of grade 12: ** 1.4.1 Critique historians' interpretations of the past using a variety of sources. 1.4.2 Identify and evaluate long-term changes, enduring influences, and recurring patterns in world history. 1.4.3 Compare alternative models for organizing history into periods. 1.4.4 Perform analyses of quantitative historical data. 1.4.5 Analyze the impact of revolution on politics, economies, and societies. 1.4.6 Understand how ideals and institutions of freedom, equality, justice, and citizenship have changed over time and from one society to another.

**__ Sta ndard 2 __****: Connections and Conflict. **

Students will understand causes and effects of interaction among societies, including trade, systems of international exchange, war, and diplomacy.

**By the end of grade 12: ** The following categories are the foundation of the content for grade 12: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Environment <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Belief systems (e.g., religion, politics) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Economics <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Geography/land <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Ethnicity/race/gender <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Culture <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Balance of power <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.1 Understand how trans-regional alliances and multinational organizations can encourage or discourage solidarity and diversity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.2 Evaluate issues concerning historical and contemporary disparities between ideals and realities. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.3 Evaluate examples in the history of conflict and its effects. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.4 Analyze how cooperation and conflict influence the development and control of political, economic, and social entities. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.5 Analyze effects of differing national foreign policy positions on international competition and cooperation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.6 Evaluate effects of political conflict on national unity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.7 Analyze ways in which trade has contributed to connections and conflict in and among selected societies. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.8 Evaluate relationships between political systems and the development of multi-national alliances. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.9 Understand types of world powers (e.g., military, corporations, religions) and how they influence connections and conflicts in the world. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">2.4.10 Evaluate the effectiveness of international organizations.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 3 __****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">: People, Places, and Environment. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Students will understand the concepts of geography and demography and how geography and demography influence and are influenced by human history.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By the end of grade 12: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3.4.1 Explain how the physical environment contributes to the development of distinct cultural identities. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3.4.2 Use spatial models to explain relationships between places and patterns of settlement and trade. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3.4.3 Explain how social, cultural, and economic factors shape physical and other human features of places and regions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3.4.4 Evaluate the impact of migration on human systems (e.g., health care, education, government). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">3.4.5 Evaluate the reciprocal influences of history and geography on a region.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 4 __****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">: Culture. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Students will understand cultural and intellectual developments and interactions among and within societies. In the benchmarks for this standard, the term "belief systems" refers to an ordered, established body of thinking and faith that influence one's perceptions of self and the world. It includes such concepts as religion, philosophies (including political and economic), and science.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By the end of grade 12: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.1 Analyze sources and characteristics of cultural, religious, and social reform movements. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.2 Compare the development of Greco-Roman philosophies and science to the origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; Hinduism and Buddhism; and Confucianism. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.3 Understand the tension between the two roots of the Western intellectual tradition: Middle Eastern monotheism and Greek philosophy and science. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.4 Examine different theories of religion. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.5 Understand the origins and diffusion of modern science and the intellectual developments and the events that have led to a weakening of confidence in modern science. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.6 Examine examples of syncretism, acculturation, and assimilation in the context of belief systems and culture. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.7 Evaluate the religious dimensions (creed, code of behavior, rituals, community) of non-religious belief systems (e.g. communalism, patriotism, activism, consumerism). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.8 Examine the epistemological complexities of the post-modern age. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">4.4.9 Understand how art, literature, and traditional customs both shape and are shaped by society.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 5 __****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">: Society and Identity. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Students will understand social systems and structures and how these influence individuals.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By the end of grade 12: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5.4.1 Analyze how sociological circumstances (e.g., class, heritage, ethnicity) influence an individual's perceptions of and reactions to the world. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5.4.2 Analyze the socialization of individuals by groups, organizations, and institutions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5.4.3 Understand how and why cultures reflect and reinforce oppositional ideas of gender (e.g., hard and soft, strong and weak, "sun" and "moon"). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5.4.4 Understand why cultural definitions of gender identity persist and are resistant to change. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5.4.5 Understand circumstances and consequences that arise from differences between cultural norms and personal gender identity and/or sexual orientation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">5.4.6 Understand limits of socialization and the power of choice in personal identity.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 6 __****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">: Governance and Citizenship. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Students will understand why societies create and adopt systems of governance and how these systems address human needs, rights, and citizen responsibilities.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By the end of grade 12: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.1 Understand strengths and weaknesses of various kinds of political philosophies. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.2 Analyze how and why governments distribute benefits and burdens. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.3 Analyze how social, economic, and political conditions contribute to the establishment and preservation of governments. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.4 Evaluate issues regarding distribution of powers and responsibilities within national governments. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.5 Understand major responsibilities of national governments for domestic and foreign policy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.6 Evaluate how public opinion influences politics. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.7 Explain the roots of contemporary political systems. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.8 Evaluate advantages and disadvantages of alternative means of achieving specific political objectives. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.9 Explain the importance of shared political and civic beliefs and values, and of economic prosperity, to the preservation of constitutional democracy. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.10 Evaluate the role of voluntarism and organized groups in society and their relationship to the functions of government. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.11 Evaluate the role of law in political systems. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.12 Evaluate how the media communicate, shape, and control ideas in political life. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">6.4.13 Evaluate functions and responsibilities of, and challenges to, government leaders and public servants.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 7 __****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">: Production, Distribution, and Consumption. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Students will understand fundamental economic principles and ways in which economies are shaped by geographic and human factors.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By the end of grade 12: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.1 Understand basic economic concepts. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.2 Explain the major economic systems and evaluate their relative merits. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.3 Explain patterns of trade from ancient times to the present. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.4 Analyze ways in which trade has contributed to economic change in selected societies or civilizations. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.5 Analyze relationships between economic activity and patterns of trade and migration. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.6 Analyze and evaluate economic issues from a geographical point of view. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">7.4.7 Describe reciprocal influences of changes in transportation and communication and changes in trade and economic activities.

**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Standard 8 __****<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">: Science, Technology, and Society. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Students will understand how societies have influenced and been influenced by scientific developments and technological developments.

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">By the end of grade 12: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.1 Evaluate the ambiguity of the term technology. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.2 Understand why different socio-economic groups within a culture may react differently to technological innovation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.3 Analyze effects of technology on the diffusion of culture and the preservation of cultural identity. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.4 Evaluate whether changing technologies create new ethical dilemmas or make existing ethical dilemmas more acute. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.5 Understand historical and current influences of modern science on technological innovation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.6 Evaluate whether confidence in modern science is strengthening or weakening. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.7 Understand that the principal contexts of technological innovation and scientific research are commercial and military and understand the implications of these contexts. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.8 Evaluate causes and consequences of the diffusion of the autocatalytic process of technological innovation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.9 Describe how values, beliefs, and attitudes have influenced and been influenced by scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.10 Analyze instances in which economic conditions have influenced and been influenced by scientific developments and technological developments. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.11 Explain the roles and effects of technology and of science in resource acquisition and use. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">8.4.12 Analyze social, moral, ethical, religious, and legal issues arising from technological developments and scientific developments.